国际妇女节的由来
The first International Women’s Day

    1869年，约翰·密尔（John Stuart Mill）是第一个在国会上提出妇女应该有选举的权利。1893年9月13号，新西兰成为世界上第一个妇女拥有表决权的国家。很长一段时间里，其他很多国家的妇女们并不能够享受到这种公平和参加选举的权利。
    In 1869 British MP John Stuart Mill was the first person in Parliament to call for women’s right to vote. On 19 September 1893 New Zealand became the first country in the world to give women the right to vote. Women in other countries did not enjoy this equality and campaigned for justice for many years.

    1910年，第二次关于劳动妇女的国际会议在哥本哈根举行。一位名叫克拉拉·蔡特金（Clara
Zetkin）（德国的社会民族党妇女办公室主席）的妇女提交了关于国际妇女节的议案。她提议，每个国家每年都应该在某一天来庆祝妇女的节日，以便表达她们的要求。参加会议的100多名妇女来自世界17个国家，她们有来自工会的，社会政党的，妇女俱乐部的，包括3名芬兰议会选举的女性，以一致通过的方式产生了国际妇女节。
    In 1910 a second International Conference of Working Women was held in Copenhagen. A woman named Clara Zetkin (Leader of the ‘Women’s Office’ for the Social Democratic Party in Germany) tabled the idea of an International Women’s Day. She proposed that every year in every country there should be a celebration on the same day – a Women’s Day – to press for their demands. The conference of over 100 women from 17 countries, representing unions, socialist parties, working women’s clubs, and including the first three women elected to the Finnish parliament, greeted Zetkin’s suggestion with unanimous approval and thus International Women’s Day was the result.

    紧接着第二年的第一个妇女节是3月19日，不是3月8日。之所以选3月19日，是因为1848年的革命，那一年，普鲁士国王被认为是第一次领导武装人员的力量，何在无产阶级起义的威胁下让位的。在他众多承诺中，就有让妇女拥有选举权的启蒙，但是后来他失败了。
    The very first International Women’s Day was launched the following year by Clara Zetkin on 19 March (not 8 March). The date was chosen because on 19 March in the year of the 1848 revolution, the Prussian king recognized for the first time the strength of the armed people and gave way before the threat of a proletarian uprising. Among the many promise he made, which he later failed to keep, was the introduction of votes for women.

    第一届的国际妇女节的示范计划是通过口耳相传和印刷在各种报刊上。在国际妇女节前的一个星期出现了两篇新闻：德国妇女的表决权和澳大利亚的妇女节。各种文
章用来专门描写国际妇女节，“妇女和国会”，“劳动妇女和市政”，“关于政治，家庭主妇可以做些什么？”等等。这些文章深入分析了在政府和社会上妇女的平
等问题。所有的文章强调了同样的问题，那就是议会应该通过给予妇女公民权来体现民主，这是绝对需要的。
    Plans for the first International Women’s Day demonstration were spread by word of mouth and in the press. During the week before International Women’s Day two journals appeared: The Vote for Women in Germany and Women’s Day in Austria. Various articles were devoted to International Women’s Day: ‘Women and Parliament’, ‘The Working Women and Municipal Affairs’, ‘What Has the Housewife got to do with Politics?’, etc. The articles thoroughly analyzed the question of the equality of women in the government and in society. All articles emphasized the same point that it was absolutely necessary to make parliament more democratic by extending the franchise to women.

    1911年的第一届妇女节超过了所有的预期。在全世界的各个角落甚至是小村庄组织召开了会议，以至于男人们被要求放弃他们的位置给妇女们。男人们呆在家里照顾其孩子，他们的妻子，曾经在家的家庭主妇去参加会议。
    Success of the first International Women’s Day in 1911 exceeded all expectation.Meetings were organized everywhere in small towns and even the villages halls were packed so full that male workers were asked to give up their places for women.
Men stayed at home with their children for a change, and their wives, the captive housewives, went to meetings.

    在最大的街道上有3万多名妇女在游行，警察决定把游行的横幅标语拿走才使得妇女们能有个站立的地方。在接下来的对峙中，只有在国会社会代表的帮助下才避免了流血事件。
    During the largest street demonstration of 30,000 women, the police decided to remove the demonstrators’ banners so the women workers made a stand. In the scuffle that followed, bloodshed was averted only with the help of the socialist deputies in Parliament.

    1913年的国际妇女节改为3月8日，这一天被保留了下来，并且作为至今的国际妇女节。
In 1913 International Women’s Day was transferred to 8 March and this day has remained the global date for International Wommen’s Day ever since.

    在1975年的国际妇女节上，联合国正式给予国际妇女节官方确认，并且被许多国家的政府采纳接受，现在国际妇女节在中国，亚美尼亚，俄罗斯，阿塞拜疆，白俄罗斯，保加利亚，哈萨克斯坦，吉尔吉斯斯坦，马其顿，摩尔多瓦，乌克兰和越南等国家作为一个节假日。
    During International Women’s Year in 1975, IWD was given official recognition by the United Nations and was taken up by many governments. International Women’s Day is marked by a national holiday in China, Armenia, Russia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Vietnam.

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